Activities in the Field of Energy and Waste Management PIAT UGM are centered at the Recycling Innovation House (RInDU). RInDU was founded in 2011 with the name Waste Recycling Laboratory (LDUS) and changed its name to RInDU in 2016. RInDU is a waste and waste recycling laboratory that develops various methods and technologies to be developed based on:
- Fermentation (composting and bio gasification)
- Thermal (catalytic pyrolysis, gasification, and hydrothermal)
- Mechanical (drying, shredding, crushing, and pelletizing)
Waste management is carried out by several methods, namely processing organic waste into fertilizer with the composting method, processing plastic waste into fuel using the pyrolysis method, and processing waste that cannot be used anymore using an incinerator.
- Composting
Composting is the process of controlling the biological degradation of organic matter into a product known as compost. The decomposition of organic matter (also called decomposition) is carried out by micro-organisms to produce simpler compounds. During composting, chemical, physical and biological change processes occur. The speed of decomposition is influenced by many factors. In decomposition, where nutrients are released, occurs when the organic substrate is rich in nutrients, the C/N and C/P ratios are very low. Differences in the formulation of organic materials, different techniques, and duration of composting, as well as differences in the level of application (technique and time difference), will affect the distribution of nutrients from organic materials. The purpose of composting is to stabilize organic materials derived from waste materials, reduce foul odors, kill pathogenic organisms (disease-causing), kill weed seeds, and ultimately produce organic fertilizer/compost that is in accordance with the law. Composting is declared complete when the compost is ripe. The maturity of the compost is characterized when the compost is stored without causing a disturbance or if applied to the soil does not cause a problem. The composting method in RInDU is as follows:
- Fermentation Tub
- Windrow Triangle Static
- Aerated Pile
- Rotary Composter (Batch and Continuous)
- Pyrolysis
- Pyrolysis
The waste that enters PIAT UGM is organic waste and a small portion of inorganic waste. To process plastic waste, PIAT uses the pyrolysis method to convert plastic waste into fuel. The pyrolysis process is a heating process without using oxygen or minimal oxygen. Plastic pyrolysis equipment is able to convert various types of plastic solid waste into liquid fuel. The pyrolysis device that is made has a low energy concept, high security, and does not emit harmful gases to the environment during the pyrolysis process. This tool only requires liquid fuel in the initial process after the pyrolysis process takes place and produces flue gas that can be burned, then the next process is heated by burning the gas.
- Green Incinerator
Burning waste using an incinerator is a technology that converts solid matter into gaseous matter, as well as solids that are hard to burn, ash, and dust. The combustion temperature in the incinerator at PIAT UGM reaches a temperature of 1000oC. High temperature is intended to kill pathogenic bacteria that are resistant to high temperatures. The advantage of this tool is that it is able to reduce the volume of waste in a short time while producing heat which can be used for steam and electricity generation. Garbage with size and not sorted can also be processed easily with this tool. A green incinerator is an incinerator designed to be environmentally friendly to destroy waste efficiently and also not to cause air pollution. The incinerator being developed can be fed continuous waste so that it has a large operating capacity.